in my previous post, i listed 3 general CO2 gas storage geotechnology strategies … i’ll discuss the pros & cons of each individually in the upcoming posts …

protesters dressed in CO2 molecule costumes to demonstrate in essen (1 june 2007) as part of the anti-CO2 pollution initiative, 'byebye CO2' ... photo from reuters

1.  CO2 stored in gaseous form and pumped or injected deep below the ground, into various geological formations such as saline aquifers, exhausted gas fields, coal beds, etc.

PROS:

* currently, this option is considered the safest … the injected CO2 gas is expected to react with the local bedrock and naturally form inert mineral carbonates via a process known as mineral carbonation … this is a natural geological process which, under normal conditions, occurs over a span of thousands of years … hence, the injected CO2 gas will theoretically exert no detriment to the local and regional geology while becoming permanently stored below the Earth’s surface … more…

Quercus virginiana

humans are still trying to develop technologies that imitate natural processes … by far the most effective, efficient, time-tested, and safest carbon capture and storage technology is found in photosynthesizing plants, soil microorganisms, and marine and freshwater ecosystems … however, fancy human technology has joined the race …

what are the pros & cons of artificial CO2 gas capture & storage? more…

<i wish i could figure out how to subscript the “2″ & “(g)” in CO2(g) in this wordpress application … my apologies to the chemists who may be perturbed by the incorrect notations throughout my posts!>

first of all, what exactly is CO2 gas capture and storage? … well, that’s a good question! … and how is the CO2 captured in the first place?

CO2 gas is a by-product (as well as a reactant and resource) of innumerable chemical processes — biological, geological, and cosmic … however, the rate at which CO2 gas increases in Earth’s atmosphere, as well as the cyclic patterns of fluctuating CO2 gas concentrations relative to other atmospheric gases, have both changed dramatically since the onset of the industrial revolution …

increasing atmospheric CO2 levels affect (but don’t determine) climate and weather patterns … hence, CO2 is considered a “greenhouse gas”, which contributes to the current global warming trends we are witnessing …
more…

an abacus

human creativity knows no bounds … i think archaic and modern technology are impressive reflections of our ability to solve problems, adapt to our environment, and model new tools based on observations of nature … modifying and finding novel applications for existing technologies is equally august …

thorstein veblen (1857 – 1929), US economist & social philosopher, said “necessity is the mother of all invention” … for the past few decades, necessity has put technological solutions to climate change at the forefront of industry research, political agendas, and media attention …

however, technology is not a (let alone the) solution to climate change … more…

to help put into context this series of blog posts on water issues, i think it’s important to review aquifers … an aquifer is essentially a ‘gateway’ to accessing deep ground water that flows beneath the Earth’s surface … tapping into an underground aquifer by drilling or digging a well is one of the primary sources of freshwater worldwide … therefore, threats and risks to aquifer resources directly impact billions of people, as well as wildlife and ecosystems …

the global importance of aquifers is impressive when you consider that collectively, the world’s aquifers contain 100 times the volume of superficial fresh water … more…

you’ve likely heard of the term “ecological footprint” … the concept helps people to quantify and appreciate how lifestyle habits impact the environment … while the calculations are not always accurate (largely because there are innumerable variables that cannot always be factored into the equations and mathematical models), i think it’s very helpful for people to use this resource …

recently, the concept of a “water footprint” has been promoted on a similar premise but with a focus on water use … more…

more suggestions on how to save water outdoors … see my previous blog for more outdoor tips …

gardens — herbs, fruit trees, vegetables, & other edibles …

* select plants that are native to your area or at least adapted to your growing zone … if in doubt, consult with your local nursery for information on plant selection and placement for optimum outdoor water savings …

* organize your garden using the principles of companion planting … for more tips, see this and this website … more…

this post is about saving water outdoors … if you’re interested in more suggestions, i’ve already posted water-saving tips for general, kitchen, bathroom, and laundry habits … i’ll split the outdoor water-saving tips into 2 posts to keep the entries relatively short but comprehensive …

most important tip:

* collect rain water …  this is becoming increasingly vital in areas all around the world … you can either purchase a rain barrel or use your own buckets and pails to harvest celestial down pours, then use this water to hydrate your indoor and outdoor garden plants, including grasses … you can also use this water for doing laundry, cleaning surfaces, washing dishes, bathing your pets, or washing your car … alternatively, you can direct water from rain gutters and HVAC systems toward water-loving plants and trees in your garden or landscape … more…

already covered in previous posts: general water saving tips, saving water in the kitchen, and saving water in the bathroom … today, i discuss:

how to do laundry … (and save water) …

general washing tips …

* i think the most important tip i can give straight away is that clothes can be worn more than once … even more than 2x or 3x … if clothing is stained or odouriferous, then it is understandably ready for a washing … however, the majority of people avoid re-wearing clothing due to purely aesthetic reasons … if your clothes aren’t dirty, fight the urge to throw them into the laundry pile … cutting back on the number of times you do laundry and the size of your loads is the best way to cut back on water use … also, the more you wash your clothes, the faster they wear … more…

so far, i’ve covered general water saving tips + saving-water-in-the-kitchen tips … now:

suggestions for saving water in the bathroom …

toilets …

* minimize the amount of toilet paper you use and flush down the toilet … better yet, dispose of used toilet paper in a trash bin …

* avoid flushing garbage (including pads, tampons, and diapers) down the toilet … water systems are not the equivalent of landfills … more…